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Breitspektrum-Penicilline
Beta-Laktamase-Hemmer enden i.d.R. auf -bactam und hemmen – sensible – Betalaktamasen
Maulkörbe für gefräßige Hunde – Back-Tram
Beta-Laktamase-Hemmer sind jedoch nicht gegen alle Arten von Betalaktamasen wirksam (genau wie Penicilline nicht alle Penicillin-bindenden Proteine binden können). Clavulansäure bildet bei der Endung die Ausnahme.
Vertreter: Clavulansäure, Sulbactam, Tazobactam
Maulkörbe: Saures Klavier, Sultan, Tatze
Clavulansäure wird mit Amoxicillin kombiniert, Sulbactam mit Ampicillin und Tazobactam mit Piperacillin.
Kovalente Bindung nach Spaltung durch Betalaktamasen – Suizidinhibitor
Hund verbissen in Maulkorb – denkt an Galgenstrick
Betalaktamasen spalten Beta-Laktam-Antibiotika und so auch die Beta-Laktamase-Hemmer in Fragmente (Hund zerfetzt Maulkorb). Diese Fragmente jedoch binden die Betalaktamasen kovalent – und hemmen deren weitere Tätigkeit (Hund hat sich festgebissen). Sie gelten daher als Suizidinhibitoren (Galgenstrick) – sie werden vernichtet, um die Wirkung der Betalaktamasen zu stoppen.
Aminopenicilline
Minen-Stifte von Polizist Armin
Zu den Aminopenicillinen zählen Ampicillin und Amoxicillin. Beide sind oral wirksam, da sie säurestabil sind und die Magenpassage überdauern.
Ampicillin, meist intravenös
Ampel mit Spritzbesteck
Clavulansäure: KI Leberinsuffizienz
Bei saurem Klavier: kaputte Leber-im-Suff
Enterale Resorption von Ampicillin eingeschränkt; Amoxicillin besser resorbiert, weniger GIT-NW
Ampel schlechter verdaulich als “I mog sie” - Lebkuchenherz
Ampicillin wird enteral schlecht resorbiert. Dies erhöht seine gastrointestinalen Nebenwirkungen durch Schädigung der normalen Darmflora. Amoxicillin wiederum wird enteral besser resorbiert und verursacht weniger gastrointestinale Nebenwirkungen. Amoxicillin wird daher für die orale Gabe favorisiert.
Aminopenicilline durchdringen - im Gegensatz zu Penicillin G - die Porinkanäle gramnegativer Keime
Minenstift-Polizist guckt - im Gegensatz zu Polizistin mit Gel-Haaren - roten Pornokanal im TV
Penicillin G vermag nicht, die Porinkanäle (Pornokanal) der äußeren Membran gramnegativer Bakterien zu durchdringen (rote Figuren im Pornokanal). Aminopenicillinen gelingt dies (Pornokanal stört Armin nicht, tja).
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